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teaching (Pod stopy krzyża). From approximately 1870 Asnyk
began to search for his own mode of poetic creativity: eroticism,
poems based on folk motifs, meditative lyrical poetry. Over time
an epic approach became predominant in his poems; the lyrical
picture of human emotions was replaced by an objectified epic
picture of the world, reflection was more and more frequently
used instead of lyric comment. The fullest expression of this
intellectualised poetry is the series of 30 sonnets, Nad głębiami
(1883-94), owing to which Asnyk came to be referred to as "a
poet-philosopher". This series comprises the poet's philosophical
system, which was an attempt at reconciling idealism with
positivist realism and scientism. What linked Asnyk's philosophy
to the latter was the pragmatism of thinking, the admiration for
the achievements of modern natural sciences and the right to
common development. Contrary to positivists, however, Asnyk
did not believe in the possibility of the empirical study of reality.
The human mind appeared to be helpless as scientific knowledge
expanded. The ethical foundations of the system advocated an
individual's duty to participate actively in the spiritual process of
aiming at common perfection. The style of the sonnets should be
defined as a discursive one; it is characterised by the
intellectualisation and abstractionism of the lexis, the lack of
extensive images, metaphors, similes.
In Asnyk's literary output a patriotic note is always present,
advocating a belief in the nation's strength and the possibility of
regaining independence, a note which is polemical with the
conservative programme of agreement (W 25 rocznicę powstania
1863).
Adam Asnyk
Poezje 355
The motif recurring in many poems is the landscape of the
mountains, particularly of the Tatras (Ranek w górach,
Kościeliska, Noc nad Wysoką, Letni wieczór, Podczas burzy,
Limba, Wodospad Siklawy, Giewont) and the motifs of the sea
(Podróżni, W zatoce Baja), sonnets ("Zmiennego bytu falo ty
ruchliwa!..."; "Wieczne ciemności! bezdenne otchłanie!..."; "Na
falach swoich toczy słońc miliony...") as well as the cycle Z obcych
stron (1895), Toarmina, Noc na morzu - w drodze z Malty do
Goletty, Na polach Kartagi, Pointe du Raz.
"The mountains and the sea," Asnyk wrote to his father in a letter
from May 28, 1874, "are the only universal cure for all human
maladies; there, breathing in fresh, fragrant air, revelling in the
sight of fresh and noble nature, one can forget about pains and
worries...".
Transtaled into English Tadeusz Z. Wolański
BIBLIOGRAFIA - BIBLIOGRAPHY
J.Tretiak, Adam Asnyk jako wyraz swojej epoki, Kraków 1922;
E.Kucharski, Twórczość liryczna Asnyka, Kraków 1924;
K.Wójcicki, Asnyk wśród prądów epoki. Materiały i opracowania,
Warszawa 1931;
H.Szyper, Uraz klęski w twórczości popowstaniowej Asnyka, w:
Księga pamiątkowa ... J.Kleinera, zbior. Aódz 1949;
J.Krzyżanowski, Adam Asnyk poeta czasów niepoetyckich, w: W
kręgu wielkich realistów, Kraków1962;
Z.Szweykowski, Liryka Asnyka a pozytywizm polski, w: Nie
tylko o Prusie, Poznań 1967;
M.Szypowska, Asnyk znany i nieznany, Warszawa 1971.
Adam Asnyk
Poezje 356
AUTOGRAF ADAMA ASNYKA
Adam Asnyk
Poezje 357
ASNYK I MUZA - OBRAZ JACKA
Adam Asnyk
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